Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 11 Articles
Aqua Gel is a network of polymer chains that are water-insoluble, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium and also sometime they are in the form of cross linked polymer networks that absorb substantial amounts of aqueous solutions. Aqua Gels have been introduced suitable as novel materials for a variety of applications such as biomedical engineering, sanitary products, agriculture, bioseparation, enhanced oil recovery, etc. They have been successfully used as superabsorbent materials and in drug delivery, cell encapsulation and tissue repair due to their high water content and consequent biocompatibility. The rate and degree of Aqua Gel swelling are the most important parameters which control the release patterns of solvents and drugs from these polymeric networks. PH sensitive and temperature sensitive Aqua Gels can be used for site specific controlled drug delivery. Aqua Gels that are responsive to specific molecules, such as glucose or antigens, can be used as biosensors as well as drug delivery systems. The aim of this article is to present a concise review on the applications of Aqua Gels in the pharmaceutical field, Aqua Gel properties, and method of preparation of Aqua Gel, advantages and disadvantages of Aqua Gel....
Nano size drug particles refers to the particle size from 1-1000nm are emerging as an excellent vehicles for the delivery of the many poorly water soluble drug compound. Because of their versatile nature and unique advantages like large surface area,increased saturation solubility and ability to be incorporated in various range of dosage form like parenteral, peroral, ocular and pulmonary routes have made them very enticing for the formulation scientists around the world. A pharmaceutical nanosuspension contains colloid particles dispersed in an suitable vehicle mostly aqueous without any matrix material , stabilized by surfactants or polymers mainly by media milling and High pressure homogenization or combination of both. This review describes the definition, basic characteristics, advantages, methods of preparation, characterization, name of patented technology and its current market formulation....
An oral press-coated tablet was developed by means of direct compression to achieve the time-controlled disintegrating or rupturing function with a distinct predetermined lag time. The aim of the present study is to develop colon targeted drug delivery systems for simvastatin by using HPMC K100M and ethylcellulose (EC) as coating material. By applying 32 full factorial design, compression coated tablets of simvastatin containing different proportions of EC and HPMC K100M was prepared. All the formulations were evaluated for the hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation, drug content uniformity, and in vitro drug release studies for 12 h. Press coated tablets of simvastatin released different amount of the simvastatin, within the 12 h dissolution study, in the physiological environment of the stomach and small intestine, depending on the proportion of EC: HPMC K100M used in the formulation. The compression coated formulations have been formulated to release minimum amount of simvastatin within 5 h dissolution study in the physiological environment of the stomach and small intestine. The results of the dissolution study showed that compression coated tablet F6 with EC: HPMC K100M (100: 125) is most likely to provide targeting of simvastatin for local action in the colon owing to its minimal release of the drug in first 5 h....
A colloidal drug delivery system (CDDS) based on a novel surface modification process help to reserve the constraining activity of surfaces. Aquasome is a nanoparticle submicronic structure (diameter below 1um) made up with carbohydrates. They received much attention to develop a drug delivery system as an alternative to liposome technology in order to overcome the problems related to the stability of these vesicles in biological fluids. Aquasome a molecular carrier, consist of ceramic core to which glassy carbohydrates are then allowed to adsorb, which is then absorbed with pharmaceuticals. The carbohydrate coating functions as a dehydroprotectant and stabilizes subsequently non-covalently bound drug molecule. In the present study aquasomes charged with diclofenac sodium a low solubility drug were obtained through the formation of an inorganic core of calcium phosphate covered with cellobiose film and further adsorption of the Diclofenac sodium. The prepared aquasomes were evaluated for the different parameters. The electron microscopy, partical size analysis and measurement of zeta potential reveals that prepared core were smaller and spherical nanometric in size (60-120nm). Coating of cellobiose on the surface of core was further confirmed by zeta potential measurement. It was noted that, the zeta potential of coated particle decrease from + 2.73 to -20.8 mv. The release of drug from aquasome is about 70% within 30 min and the remaining being gradually release over a period of 6 hours. The aquasome shows a loading efficacy up to 92% and the loading capacity up to 50% w/w. Thus, aquasomes of diclofenac sodium were successfully developed....
Clarithromycin is BCS class II drug having poor water solubility and used as antibiotics for various pathogenic diseases. It is well absorbed from GI track and has good stability in acidic media. It has half life of 3 to 4 hrs. Which make it suitable for incorporation in a bioadhesive gastroretentive dosage form for extended duration of time. Matrix tablets of Clarithromycin were formulated using bioadhesive polymers namely HPMC K100M and Psyllium husk. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, content uniformity, swelling index, bioadhesive force and in vitro drug release. All the formulations showed good bioadhesion strength and swelling. Swelling studies indicated significant water uptake and contributed in drug release. From among all the developed formulations, as F9 has highest bioadhesive strength (322.41). Formulation of F9 which were formulated by using polymers, HPMC K100M and Psyllium husk provided controlled release of Clarithromycin over the period of 24 hrs. The cumulative % of drug release of formulation F9 was 95.67 %. Thus it can be concluded that a gastroretentive bioadhesive tablet of clarithromycin can give extended duration of drug action, loading to better patient compliance....
The main objective of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate the pulsincap for anti diabetic drug miglitol to control the increased blood glucose level after food consumption in diabetic patient by allowing the drug to release immediately after meals. Initially miglitol immediate release tablets were prepared using different concentrations of sodium starch glycollate as superdisintegrant and selected the best formulation for the development of pulsincap of miglitol. Miglitol pulsincaps were prepared by using different concentrations of hydrophilic polymer HPMC K4M as hydrogel plug. The ideal concentration of hydrogel plug was selected based on the invitro drug release profile and desired lag time of 4 hrs. The Invitro release studies were carried out for the formulated miglitol pulsincaps using different buffer solutions such as pH 1.2,7.4 and 6.8.The invitro drug release profile of miglitol pulsincaps containining 60mg of HPMC K4M as hydrogel plug exhibited a time period of 4 hrs without drug release (lag time) followed by a rapid release of drug. Hence the developed formulation was found to be suitable for the diabetic patient to manage the blood glucose levels which are high after food consumption....
Nanoparticulate drug delivery system has emerged as one of the most propitious field in different disease treatments. During the past decade, the importance of polymeric drug delivery systems has grown exponentially. In this context, Hyaluronic Acid (HA), a natural acidic mucopolysaccharide is a widely used polymer for fabricating ‘nanoparticles’. Because of biocompatibility, wide biomedical applications and utility for sustained drug release, it has been the centre of focus for developing drug-loaded nanoparticles for different therapy. Such HA based nanoparticles have also been used to develop the site specific therapy as well as diagnostics. These drug-loaded nanoparticles extravasate through the tumour vasculature, delivering their payload into the cells by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, thereby increasing their therapeutic effect. This review shortly outlines the uses and possibilities of hyaluronic acid in conjugation with various polymers and drugs. Moreover the modern applications in different fields of nanoparticulate drug delivery also focussed here....
In the formulation of topical dosage forms, attempts are being made to utilize drug carriers that ensure adequate localization or penetration of the drug within or through the skin in order to enhance the local and minimize the systemic effects, or to ensure adequate percutaneous absorption. The application of liposomes as drug carriers on the skin surface has been proven to be efficient in the delivery of liposome-entrapped drugs to and into the skin. Applied on the skin, liposomes may act as a solubilizing matrix for poorly soluble drugs, penetration enhancers, as well as a local depot for sustained drug release, at the same time diminishing the side effects of drugs. Summarily, topical liposome formulations could be more effective and less toxic than conventional formulations. However major limitation of using liposomes topically is the liquid nature of preparation. That can be overcome by their incorporation in adequate vehicles where original structure of vesicles is preserved. It has already been shown that liposomes are fairly compatible with gels made from polymers derived from crosslinked poly acrylic acid, such as carbopol resins....
Nanotechnology, could possibly in a decade, change the basic concepts of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticle science is considered the foundation on which most nanotechnological cancer therapies are based. A Nanoparticle (NP) possesses unique properties like quantum effects and surface area effects. The NP circulates through the body, detects cancer associated molecular changes, assists in imaging, releases the therapeutic agent and monitors effectiveness of the intervention. Cancer research has seen improved efficacy and decreased toxicity of chemotherapeutics because of nanotech formulations. This paper overviews the basic concept, advances and prospects of nanotechnological applications in cancer prevention, detection and treatment....
The purpose of this research work was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of the telmisartan by dispersing drug in nanoparticles form in water soluble polymer at pH 7.5 (FDA recommended) using various nanodispersion techniques. Nanodispersion of telmisartan were prepared using PVP-K30 by various methods like solvent evaporation, antisolvent precipitation and spray drying in ratios 1:1 to 1:4. Saturation solubility, in-vitro dissolution, particle size distribution, FT-IR spectroscopy, PXRD, DSC and SEM studies were carried out. The results indicated that formulation containing 1:4 ratio of drug: PVP-K30 prepared by spray drying method showed the cumulative release of 99.84 % as compared to 9.36 % for the pure drug in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer and more than 100 times increases in solubility. Particle size analysis reveals that Telmisartan was dispersed in the form of nanoparticles into the PVP matrix with particles with sizes smaller than 5–10 nm. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared characterization indicated the nanodispersion exhibited change in crystalline nature. Nanodispersion has been successfully formulated avoiding the need for surfactant, basic amino acid, solubilising agents like alkali hydroxide uses during formulation, there by simplifying the techniques....
The current research was to investigate and develop a transdermal patch of Ivabradine HCl (IBR), a novel heart rate lowering agent. The matrix type transdermal patch was developed by using Durotak 9301 (DT 9301) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K30). Four penetration enhancers Isopropyl myristate, transcutol P, oleic acid and limonene were evaluated for their effect on flux of Ivabradine HCl through rat skin. Transcutol containing formulation showed maximum Ivabradine HCl permeation rate followed by drug release from isopropyl myristate, oleic acid and limonene containing formulations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning colorimetric study characterize drug compatibility with durotak 9301. There was significant effect of high concentration of propylene glycol and transcutol on adhesion properties of transdermal patches containing durotak and PVP K30. Drug release was facilitated by use of 26.7% w/w PVP K30 and 1% kaoline along with durotak in patch formulation. Selected formulation was screened for skin irritation testing and showed lowest irritation test confirming its applicability for duration of treatment. Pharmacokinetic screening of drug release profile revealed diffusion controlled mechanism (Higuchi’s model). With developed patch formulation, it is possible to deliver Ivabradin HCl at 30.77μg/h.cm2 dosing rate with a transdermal patch lasting for minimum 24 hours....
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